高考英语阅读技能提升专练 （通用版）
题 话题 5- 自然环保
一、阅读理解 A
Tornadoes are nature"s most violent storms, which can cause deaths and destroy a neighborhood in seconds. A tornado appears as a funnel-shaped (漏斗状) cloud from a thunderstorm to the ground with whirling (飞快移动) winds that can reach 300 miles per hour. Damage paths can be over one mile wide and 50 miles long. Every state is at some risk from this disaster.
Some tornadoes can be seen clearly, while rain or nearby low-hanging clouds obscure others. At many times, tornadoes develop so rapidly that little, if any, advance warning is possible.
Before a tornado hits, the air may become very still. A cloud of debris (散片) can mark the location of a tornado even if a funnel can not be seen. Tornadoes generally occur near the edge of a thunderstorm, when the strong wind may die down. It is not uncommon to see clear, sunlit skies behind a tornado. The following are facts about tornadoes:
The average forward speed of a tornado is 30 MPH, but may also vary from still to 70 MPH. Debris is picked up or a cloud forms in the funnel.
The average tornado moves from southwest to northeast, but tornadoes have been known to move in any direction. Tornadoes are most often reported east of the Rocky Mountains during spring and summer months.
Tornadoes can happen together with tropical storms and hurricanes as they move onto land. Waterspouts are tornadoes that form over water.
The tornado season in the southern states of America is March through May; in the northern states, it is late spring through early summer. Tornadoes are most likely to occur between 3 p.m. and 9 p.m., but can occur at any time. （1）From the passage, where may tornadoes come from?
A.Hurricanes.
B.Great heat.
C.Thunderstorms.
D.Sandstorms. （2）What does the underlined word “obscure” probably mean?
A.Hide.
B.Reduce.
C.Produce.
D.Raise. （3）When a tornado happens, ________.
A.it often reaches the speed of 70 MPH B.it can only be seen in the late of the day C.it may form on the surface of sea water D.it only moves from southwest to northeast （4）The passage makes us believe that ________.
A.tornadoes are mostly seen in the southern states of America B.warnings about tornadoes are well developed in many countries C.of all the natural disasters, tornadoes often cause the biggest damage D.tornadoes may strike so quickly that there is often little or no warning B 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出最佳选项。
You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world"s temperature. But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation (撤离) of an island nation, the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.
During the 20th century, sea level rose 8~12 inches. As a result, Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water that has polluted the country"s drinking water.
Paani Laupepa, a Tuvaluan government official, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years. Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.
Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions (排放), which are a main cause of global warming. “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years.” Laupepa told the BBC.
Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.
Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的) to rising sea levels. Maumoon Gayoon, president of the Maldives, told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an
“endangered nation”. （1）What is the text mainly about?
A.Rapid changes in earth"s temperature.
B.Bad effects of global warming. C.A country moving to a new place. D.Reasons for lowland flooding. （2）According to scientists, what is the direct cause of more and fiercer storms?
A.Greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nations. B.Higher surface water temperatures of the sea. C.Continuous global warming. D.Rising sea levels. （3）Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not ________.
A.agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions B.believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real C.allow Tuvaluans to move to the US D.sign an agreement with Tuvalu （4）The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is ________.
A.Australia
B.New Zealand
C.the Maldives
D.the United States C
The ground we walk on seems firm, but deep under the earth and under the sea the rocks change and move. In some parts of the world there are “fire mountains”， which we call volcanoes. From time to time they burst open and throw out fire and burning ashes. These volcanoes are very dangerous.
Hong Kong does not have any volcanoes but there are many volcanoes in Indonesia and Philippines. There is also a famous mountain near Tokyo, Japan, which is a volcano too. Its name is Mount Fuji. For much of the year，it is covered with snow.
One of the most famous volcanoes which erupted in recent times was Krakatoa, on an island in Indonesia. The first explosions took place on 20th May, 1883, but the biggest eruption did not come until the 26th and 27th August of that year. The people on the island were used to the explosions by that time, and so they were completely unprepared for this terrible happening. Almost all the people on the island
died and the explosion also made huge waves in the sea, which drowned (淹死) many people on the other island nearby. After the eruption was over，people saw that the whole northern part of the island had completely disappeared. Scientists say that 15 cubic (立方) kilometres of rocks and ash were thrown up in the explosion. The noise of the explosion was heard nearly 5,000 kilometres away in the middle of the Indian Ocean，and the city of Jakarta was completely dark for about two and a half hours. （1）There are many volcanoes ________. A.everywhere in the world B.under the earth and the sea C.in Hong Kong D.in Indonesia （2）The people near Krakatoa were unprepared when it had its biggest explosions because people there ________. A.had never met any explosions of the volcano before B.were used to the explosions by that time C.didn"t want to leave their island D.could do nothing but wait （3）People who lived 5,000 kilometres away from Krakatoa could ________. A.see that the 15 cubic kilometres of rocks and ash were thrown up B.hear the noise of the explosion C.see the huge waves D.see that Krakatoa was dark （4）The biggest explosion made ________. A.all the people on the island die B.the whole island disappear C.the city of Jakarta completely dark for about two and a half hours D.huge waves in the middle of the Indian Ocean 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Joan and Natty were two young mothers living opposite each other. From their living room windows, each woman could
1
the activities of the other woman"s family.
One day, Joan said that she"d been watching what
2
on in Natty"s front garden and that she envied (羡慕) her. “I don"t know what you
3
” Natty said with a
4
look on her face.
“Well, I often see your husband in the front garden mowing the lawn (修剪草坪), and I
5
my husband would do the
6
thing, ” Joan said.“Your garden is beautiful！”
Natty
7
and then made her confession (坦白). “I have been doing the same thing, Joan,” she said. “I watch your
8
in your front garden—and I have envied you！” Joan
9
her head with disbelief. “What
10
do you mean？” she asked.
Natty replied, “I see your husband playing ball with your son so
11
How I wish my husband would do the same thing ！
He
12
wants our boys in the
13
when he mows. Be honest, Joan. Would you rather have your husband
14
with your son than have a beautiful lawn?”
“I had not
15
that before, Natty.
16
you"re right Natty. I may have tall grass, but Eric, my husband, is
17
about playing with little Johnny,” Joan concluded.
Very often we are blind to our own blessings that are so
18
to others. Let us
19
the habit of concentrating on our several blessings rather than
20
about what we have.
1. A. affect B. notice C. control D. observe 2. A. took B. focus C. kept D. went 3. A. mean B. deserve C. need D. express 4. A. excited B. puzzled C. satisfied D. disappointed 5. A. forget B. want C. wish D. promise 6. A. same B. terrible C. big D. small 7. A. refused B. laughed C. apologized D. ignored 8. A. son B. daughter C. husband D. father
9. A. raised B. frightened C. trusted D. shook 10. A. in fact B. on earth C. in all D. on purpose 11. A. gently B. happily C. formally D. quietly 12. A. always B. just C. never D. again 13. A. way B. road C. yard D. house 14. A. work B. talk C. play D. study 15. A. looked over B. looked after C. thought out D. thought of 16. A. But B. And C. So D. Or 17. A. wrong B. right C. careful D. serious 18. A. obvious B. ordinary C. familiar D. strange 19. A. make B. remove C. form D. keep 20. A. bringing B. worrying C. questioning D. complaining 三、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的适当形式。
There are two main ________ (reason) why the temperature of the air is always ________ (change). One reason is that the air around you ________ (move) in from somewhere else. Air usually moves in large bodies ________ (call) air masses. Some air masses move in from the north. These air masses usually have cold air that causes the temperature ________ (drop). Air masses also move in from the south. They usually have warmer air that causes the temperature to rise.
Temperature changes during the day or night can be great ________ small. This depends________ (part) on how many clouds are in the sky. ________ there are many clouds during the night, they act like covers on your bed. They blanket the earth and keep the air from ________ (lose) much of its heat. The temperature usually does not drop much during such a night. When there are many clouds during ________ day, some of the sun"s energy will not reach the earth. The temperature usually does not rise much on such a day.
答案 一、
A 【答案】
（1）C （2）A （3）C （4）D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了龙卷风的有关知识。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“A tornado appears as a funnel-shaped (漏斗状) cloud from a thunderstorm to the ground with whirling (飞快移动) winds that can reach 300 miles per hour.”以及第三段中的“Tornadoes generally occur near the edge of a thunderstorm, when the strong wind may die down.”可知，龙卷风起源于暴风雨。故选 C。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Some tornadoes can be seen clearly ...”可知，有些龙卷风可以很清楚地看到，而有些龙卷风被 rain or nearby low-hanging clouds (雨或浮云)遮挡而看不清楚。hide 表示“隐藏”，故选 A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三个事实中的“Waterspouts are tornadoes that form over water.”可知，有些龙卷风是在海面上形成。故选 C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“At many times, tornadoes develop so rapidly that little, if any, advance warning is possible.”可知，很多时候龙卷风来得太快，以至于不可能提前发出警告。故 D 项正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
B 【答案】
（1）B （2）B （3）A （4）C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述全球变暖所带来的海平面上升给图瓦卢这个国家带来的灾难。
（1）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述全球变暖所带来的海平面上升给图瓦卢这个国家带来的灾难，故选 B 项“全球变暖的坏影响”。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”. Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.“可知，科学家将由全球变暖导致的地表水温度升高与越来越大和破坏性更强的风暴联系在一起，所以，科学家认为越来越猛烈的风暴的直接起因是海水表面的温度升高，故选 B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions (排放), which are a main cause of global warming.“可知，Laupepa 对美国不满的原因是美国不同意签署“减少温室气体的排放”的协议，故选 A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段可知，与图瓦卢类似的是 the Maldives（马尔代夫），故选 C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解主旨大意两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
C 【答案】
（1）D （2）B （3）B （4）C
【解析】（1）从“In some parts of the world there are ‘fire mountains’， which we call volcanoes but there are many volcanoes in Indonesia and Philippines.”看出火山并不是到处都有，排除 A 项和 B 项，香港没有火山，排除 C 项，故选 D 项。
（2）从“The people on the island were used to the explosions by that time, and so they were completely unprepared for this terrible happening”看出当地的人们已经习惯了它的喷发，因此，当最大的喷发发生时，人们没有准备。
（3）从“The noise of the explosion was heard nearly 5,000 kilometres away in the middle of the Indian Ocean”看出几乎 5000 千米远的人们能够听到它的声音，故选 B 项，并不一定能够看到岩石和灰烬，排除 A 项。
（4）由“After the eruption was over，people saw that the whole northern part of the island had completely
disappeared”的 northern part 看出排除 B 项；从“and the city of Jakarta was completely dark for about two and a half hours”看出选 C 项. 二、 【答案】（1）D；（2）D；（3）A；（4）B；（5）C；（6）A；（7）B；（8）C；（9）D；（10）B；（11）B；（12）C；（13）A；（14）C；（15）D；（16）A；（17）B；（18）A；（19）C；（20）D；
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过两个家庭主妇互相羡慕对方丈夫的所作所为从而得出结论：要珍惜自己的幸福，而不是抱怨自己所拥有的东西。（1）考查动词。A、affect“影响”；B、notice“注意到”；C、control“控制”；D、observe“观察”。由于 Joan 和 Natty 住在彼此的对面，所以她们每天都能观察到对方家里的一些活动。故选 D。
（2）考查动词。A、took“取，带走”；B、focus“聚集”；C、kept“维持，保留”；D、went“去”。Joan向 Natty 坦白，她最近一直在观察对方家花园里发生的一切。go on 固定短语，“进行，发生”。故选D。
（3）考查动词。A、mean“意味着，打算”；B、deserve“值得”；C、need“需要”；D、express“表达”。Natty 不明白 Joan 说她嫉妒自己这话是什么意思 。故选 A。
（4）考查形容词。A、excited“激动的，兴奋的”；B、puzzled“困惑的，迷惑的”；C、satisfied“满意的”；D、disappointed“失望的”。Natty 不明白 Joan 的意思，所以脸上的表情是困惑的。故选 B。
（5）考查动词。A、forget“忘记”；B、want“想要，需要”；C、wish“希望”；D、promise“许诺，承诺”。Joan 夸 Natty 家的草坪很漂亮，所以她对 Natty 说，希望自己的丈夫也能精心修剪草坪。故选C。
（6）考查形容词。A、same“同样的”；B、terrible“可怕的”；C、big“大的”；D、small“小的”。根据上下文可知，Joan 对 Natty 的丈夫修剪草坪很羡慕，所以她希望自己的丈夫也能做同样的事。故选 A。
（7）考查动词。A、refused“拒绝”；B、laughed“笑”；C、apologized“道歉”；D、ignored“忽视”。联系下文 Natty 开始坦白她对 Joan 的羡慕可推知，听了 Joan 的话后，Natty 笑了。故选 B。
（8）考查名词。A、son“儿子”；B、daughter“女儿”；C、husband“丈夫”；D、father“父亲”。根据下一段 Natty 说她看到 Joan 的丈夫跟孩子在玩耍可知，她在观察 Joan 的丈夫在花园里的活动。故选 C。
（9）考查动词。A、raised“提高，抚养”；B、frightened“害怕的”；C、trusted“相信”；D、shook“使震惊”。联系下文 with disbelief 可知，Joan 不同意 Natty 说的话。shake one"s head 固定短语，“摇头”，故选 D。
（10）考查介词短语。A、in fact“实际上，事实上”；B、on earth“究竟”；C、in all“总之”；D、on purpose“故意”。Joan 不敢相信地问 Natty 究竟是什么意思。故选 B。
（11）考查副词。A、gently“轻轻地”；B、happily“高兴地，快乐地”；C、formally“正式地”；D、quietly“安静地”。既然 Natty 也很羡慕 Joan，这说明 Joan 的丈夫跟孩子在草坪上快乐地 玩耍。故选 B。
（12）考查副词。A、always“总是”；B、just“仅仅，刚”；C、never“从来不”；D、again“再，又”。联系上文 Natty 羡慕 Joan 的丈夫陪着孩子在草坪上玩耍可知，她自己的丈夫从来不会这样做。故选C。
（13）考查名词。A、way“道路，方法”；B、road“道路”；C、yard“院子”；D、house“房子”。Natty接着抱怨，自己的丈夫在修剪草坪时从来不让孩子们妨碍他。in the way，固定短语，表示“挡道，妨碍”。故选 A。
（14）考查动词。A、work“工作”；B、talk“谈论”；C、play“玩，表演”；D、study“研究”。Natty 问Joan，比起一块漂亮的草坪来，是否更喜欢看到丈夫跟孩子一起玩 。故选 C。
（15）考查动词短语。听了 Natty 的问话，Joan 说自己以前没有想到 这个问题。A、looked over“迅速检查”；B、looked after“照顾”；C、thought out“(做决定或计划前将各方面) 仔细考虑”；D、thought of“想起”。故填 D。
（16）考查连词。A、But“但是”；B、And“和，又”；C、So“因此”；D、Or“或者”。联系下一句可知，Joan 说，虽然她没有想过这个问题，但她觉得 Natty 说得对。故选 A。
（17）考查形容词。A、wrong“错误的”；B、right“正确的”；C、careful“细心的”；D、serious“严重的”。Joan 觉得自己的丈夫跟孩子一起玩，这一做法是正确的。故选 B。
（18）考查形容词。A、obvious“明显的”；B、ordinary“普通的”；C、familiar“熟悉的”；D、strange“奇怪的”。最后一段是作者对本文主题的概括。我们经常对自己的幸福熟视无睹，而这幸福在别人看来却是非常明显的 。故选 A。
（19）考查动词。A、make“制造”；B、remove“移除”；C、form“形成”；D、keep“维持，保留”。作者最后告诫我们，应该养成一个多想想我们自己的幸福的习惯。form a habit 固定短语，“养成习惯”，也可以说 develop a habit。故选 C。
（20）考查动词。A、bringing“带来”；B、worrying“担心的”；C、questioning“提问”；D、complaining“抱怨”。作者劝我们要珍惜自己的幸福，而不是抱怨自己所拥有的。故选 D。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词。连词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
三、 【答案】reasons；changing；moves；called；to drop；or；partly；When；losing；the
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了空气温度改变的原因。
（1）
考查名词。句意：空气温度总是在变化的原因主要有两个。根据前面的数词 two 可知，用名词的复数形式 reasons。
（2）
考查动词时态。主语 temperature 和 change 之间是主动关系，又根据 is，故用现在进行时。因此答案为 changing。
（3）
考查主谓一致。句意：一个原因就是你周围的空气在流动。由 the air 是主语且通篇为一般现在时可知，谓语动词用 moves。
（4）考查非谓语动词。call 与前的 large bodies 是被动关系，故用过去分词，填 called
。
（5）考查非谓语动词。cause 表示“使”、“迫使”，通常接不定式的复合结构作宾语。冷空气使得空气温度下降。故填 to drop 。
（6）考查连词。句意：白天或晚上的温度变化可能很大也可能很小。great 和 small 意思相反，用 or表选择关系。故填 or
。
（7）考查副词。句意：这一部分取决于天空中有多少云。修饰动词要用副词。故填 partly。
（ 8）考查连词。根据下文“When there are many clouds ...”的提示，可知此处用 When 最合适。
（9）考查非谓语动词。keep sth. from doing 固定短语，“阻止做某事”，故填 losing
。
（10）
考查定冠词。the day 指白天，与前文的 the night 相对应，故填 the。
【点评】本题考点涉及名词，时态，主谓一致，非谓语动词，连词，副词以及冠词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，并结合相关语法知识，从而写出正确的单词形式。
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